notes

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What happens when you boot your computer?

The term boot is a shortened version of the term bootstrap, which is itself a reference to the seemingly impossible task a computer must perform on start-up, namely, “pulling itself up by its own bootstraps.”

The solution to this dilemma is that the microprocessor, in its power-on default state, is hard-wired to fetch that first instruction from a predetermined address in memory. This first instruction, which is loaded into the processor’s instruction register, is the first line of a program called the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) that lives in a special set of storage locations—a small read-only memory (ROM) module attached to the computer’s motherboard. It’s the job of the BIOS to perform basic tests of the RAM and peripherals in order to verify that everything is working properly. Then the boot process can continue.

At the end of the BIOS program lies a jump instruction, the target of which is the location of a bootloader program. By using a jump, the BIOS hands off control of the system to this second program, whose job it is to search for and load the computer’s operating system from the hard disk. The operating system (OS) loads and unloads all of the other programs that run on the computer, so once the OS is up and running the computer is ready to interact with the user.

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The Basics of Application Memory Management

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UNIX

System operacyjny - program, która działa jako pośrednik między użytkownikiem a sprzętem komputerowym. Jest zarządcą zasobów: (bierne) procesor, pamięć operacyjna / masowa oraz procesów.

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